It used to be that spotting a “good” counterfeit bill was impossible for ordinary people. If it was good enough to pass the “look and feel” test, then it was going to take an ultra-violet light or a magnetic ink detector. But for the past ten years, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing has been making bills that are easy to check.
The amount of counterfeit money in the US is low enough that most people feel safe taking money with barely a minimal check for counterfeits. Does it look and feel like money? Then it probably is. But have you ever gotten a bill where something—either the bank note or the person giving it to you—seemed a little off? Ever wished you could quickly check to see if it was good? Well, here’s how.
Step 1) Look and Feel
This is as far as most people go, and it’s good enough most of the time. US bank notes are printed on special paper that’s 75 percent cotton and 25 percent linen. The linen gives it an extra stiffness that’s distinctive. There are also red and blue fibers imbedded in the paper. Bank notes are printed with a process called “intaglio” that leaves ink on top of the paper, giving the money a distinctive texture. The printing is also very high quality, so the lines are sharp and clear, not broken, fuzzy, or blobby.
Step 2) Color-Shifting Ink
Bank notes bigger than the $5 bill use color-shifting ink to print the number showing the denomination in the lower-right-hand corner. Just look at the numbers head-on, and then from an angle. For genuine notes the color will shift (copper-to-green or green-to-black).
You can get this far pretty discreetly. The look and feel you’re checking automatically as soon as the bill is handed to you, and you can confirm the color-shifting ink in a quick glance. Going further will require that you hold the note up to the light, which is basically saying that you think you might have gotten counterfeit money. A lot of people hesitate to do that, but it’s the next step if you want to be sure.
Step 3) Watermark
All bills bigger than a $2 now have a watermark; hold the bill up to the light to see it. For the $10, $20, $50, and $100, the image matches the portrait. You can use the watermark to spot bills that have been bleached and reprinted with a higher denomination. The watermark is part of the paper and is visible from the rear of the note as well.
Step 4) Security Thread
All bills bigger than a $2 have a security thread running vertically through the bill. Like the watermark, you hold the bill up to the light to see it. The thread has text with the bill’s denomination and an image that is unique to that denomination. The different denominations have the threads in different places, again so you can spot bills that have been bleached and reprinted with a higher denomination. (The threads also glow different colors under ultraviolet light, but that’s not much help to ordinary folks.)
Genuine Bills
That’s it. If a bill:
- looks and feels like a US bank note
- has color-shifting ink
- has a watermark that matches the portrait
- and has a security thread with text that matches the denomination
then it’s almost certainly a genuine bill.
What about older bills?
There are still some old bills around, from before these security features were added (starting in 1996). Now that it’s been more than ten years, it’s about time to simply refuse to accept old bills. Bills that old, that are still in circulation—especially high-denomination bills—are much too likely to be counterfeit. If it is genuine, the holder can easily enough take it to the bank and get some new currency, so your refusing to take it is no burden on an an innocent holder of old but genuine currency.
More info
If you’re interested in this sort of thing (the way I am), here are some other pages worth checking out:
- The US Secret Service page on spotting counterfeit money: This page covers spotting counterfeits the old-fashioned way, without using the security features of modern bills.
- The How Stuff Works article How Counterfeiting Works: This page actually walks you through making your own counterfeit with a scanner and a color printer. It explains why it’s harder than it looks and how most counterfeiters are usually caught and sent to prison for a long time.
- An article from the St. Louis Federal Reserve—Currency Design in the United States and Abroad: Counterfeit Deterrence and Visual Accessibility: On how different countries have tried to optimize the trade-offs between fighting counterfeiting, making their money accessible to people with limited vision, and making the money easy for banks and other high-volume users of currency to handle.
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